طراحی و تبیین مدل توسعه‌ی کارکنان دانشی در انقلاب صنعتی چهارم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به موضوع سرمایه‌ی انسانی در انقلاب صنعتی چهارم می‌پردازد. مطالعات فراوانی برای تعیین شایستگی‌ها و مهارت‌های مورد نیازِ نیروی کار در مواجهه با صنعت 4.0، به انجام رسیده است. هدفِ این تحقیق آن است که بر اساس ساخت و بافت سازمان‌های ایرانی، محیط کلان سیاسی و اقتصادی کشور و روندهای موجود در توسعه‌ی فناوری‌های نو، ابتدا ماهیت و مولفه‌های صنعت 4.0 و پس از آن، شایستگی‌ها، مهارت‌ها و دانش مورد نیاز کارکنان را برای حضور موفق و موثر در محیط‌های پیچیده‌ی تولیدی در انقلاب صنعتی چهارم، شناسایی کند. روش انجام این پژوهش، کیفی و محتوای آن عاری از محاسبات آماری و ریاضی است. برای انجام این مطالعه، نمونه‌گیری نظری انجام گرفته و داده‌ها از طریق انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 18 نفر از خبرگان، شامل دانشگاهیان، مدیران کسب و کارها و پژوهش‌گران حوزه‌ی منابع انسانی، جمع‌آوری و برای تجزیه و تحلیل آن‌ها و طراحی مدل، از روش داده‌بنیاد استفاده شده است. در این روش با واکاوی متن مصاحبه‌ها گزاره‌ها، مفاهیم، مولفه‌ها و مقوله‌های محوری شناساییْ و نتایج در قالب مدل پارادیمی، شامل ابعاد 6گانه‌ی شرایط علّی، مداخله‌گر، زمینه‌ای و پدیده‌ی محوری، استراتژی‌ها و پیامدها، ساختار یافته‌اند. بر اساس یافته‌ها، ضمن لزوم ایجاد تحول در فرهنگ سازمانی توسط مدیران کسب و کارها و نظام آموزشی توسط دانشگاهیان و دولتمردان، نیروی کار برای اشتغال موثر در کارخانه‌های هوشمندِ آتی، باید در 4 محورِ روش‌شناختی، اجتماعی، فردی و فناورانه به تقویت شایستگی‌ها، مهارت‌ها و دانش خود بپردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Design and Explain the Development Model of Knowledge Workers in the Forth Industrial Revolution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Dehghan nayeri 1
  • Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari 2
  • Khadijeh Mostafaee Dolatabad 3
  • Hamed Abdollahi 4
1 Associate Professor Industrial Management Department; Management and Economics Faculty; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran; Iran
2 Professor of Industrial Management Department; Management and Economics Faculty; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran; Iran
3 Assistance Professor Industrial Management Department; Management and Economics Faculty; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran; Iran
4 Industrial Management Department; Management and Economics Faculty; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran; Iran
چکیده [English]

This research deals with the human capital in the fourth industrial revolution. Worldwide many studies have been done to determine the competencies and skills needed by the workforce to face Industry 4.0. The purpose of this research is that based on the structure of Iranian organizations, the macro political and economic environment of this country and the trends in the development of new technologies, identify, firstly the nature and components of Industry 4.0 and then the competencies, skills and knowledge required by employees to participate successfully and effectively in complex production environments in the fourth industrial revolution era. The methodology of this research is qualitative and its content is free of statistical and mathematical calculations. In this study, theoretical sampling was conducted and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 experts, including academics, business managers, and researchers in the field of human resources, and the “Grounded Theory” methodology was applied to analyze them and design the model. In this methodology, by analyzing the text of the interviews, propositions, concepts, components and key categories are identified and results have been structured in the paradigm model, including the six dimensions of causal and intervening conditions, context and core category, strategies and consequences. According to the findings of the research, along with the evolution of the organizational culture and the educational system, the workforce should strengthen their competences, skills and knowledge in four main categories including personal, social, methodological, and technical for effective employment in future smart factories.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Industry 4.0
  • Skills and Competencies
  • Human resources Development Model
  • Grounded Theory
Acerbi, F., Rossi, M., & Terzi, S. (2022). Identifying and Assessing the Required I 4.0 Skills for Manufacturing Companies’ Workforce. Frontiers in Manufacturing Technology, 2, 921445.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fmtec.2022.921445
Alcacer, V., & Cruz-Machado, V. (2019). Scanning the industry 4.0: A literature review on technologies for manufacturing systems. Engineering science and technology, an international journal, 22(3), 899-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2019.01.006
Bartodziej, C. J. (2017). The concept industry 4.0. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16502-4_3
Becker, T., & Stern, H. (2016). Future trends in human work area design for cyber-physical production systems. Procedia Cirp, 57, 404-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.070
Benesova, A., & Tupa, J. (2017). Requirements for education and qualification of people in Industry 4.0. Procedia manufacturing, 11, 2195-2202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017 .07.366
Blayone, T. J., & VanOostveen, R. (2021). Prepared for work in Industry 4.0? Modelling the target activity system and five dimensions of worker readiness. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 34(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2020. 1836677
Botha, A. P. (2018). Rapidly arriving futures: future readiness for Industry 4.0. South African journal of industrial engineering, 29(3), 148-160. https://doi.org/10.7166/29-3-2056
Canas, H., Mula, J., Diaz-Madronero, M., & Campuzano-Bolarin, F. (2021). Implementing industry 4.0 principles. Computers & industrial engineering, 158, 107379. https://doi.org/10. 1016 /j.cie.2021.107379
Castillo-Montoya, M. (2016). Preparing for interview research: The interview protocol refinement framework. Qualitative report, 21(5). DOI: 10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2337
Chaka, C. (2020). Skills, competencies and literacies attributed to 4IR/Industry 4.0: Scoping review. IFLA journal, 46(4), 369-399. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035219896376
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.
da Silva, L. B. P., Soltovski, R., Pontes, J., Treinta, F. T., Leitao, P., Mosconi, E., ... & Yoshino, R. T. (2022). Human resources management 4.0: Literature review and trends. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 168, 108111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108111
Dalmarco, G., Ramalho, F. R., Barros, A. C., & Soares, A. L. (2019). Providing industry 4.0 technologies: The case of a production technology cluster. The journal of high technology management research, 30(2), 100355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2019.100355
Erol, S., Jager, A., Hold, P., Ott, K., & Sihn, W. (2016). Tangible Industry 4.0: a scenario-based approach to learning for the future of production. Procedia CiRp, 54, 13-18. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.procir.2016.03.162
Fareri, S., Fantoni, G., Chiarello, F., Coli, E., & Binda, A. (2020). Estimating Industry 4.0 impact on job profiles and skills using text mining. Computers in industry, 118, 103222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103222
Flores, E., Xu, X., & Lu, Y. (2019). Human Capital 4.0: a workforce competence typology for Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(4), 687-703. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-08-2019-0309
Foidl, H., & Felderer, M. (2016). Research challenges of industry 4.0 for quality management. In Innovations in Enterprise Information Systems Management and Engineering: 4th International Conference, ERP Future 2015-Research, Munich, Germany, November 16-17, 2015, Revised Papers 4 (pp. 121-137). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32799-0_10
Frank, A. G., Dalenogare, L. S., & Ayala, N. F. (2019). Industry 4.0 technologies: Implementation patterns in manufacturing companies. International journal of production economics, 210, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.004
Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological forecasting and social change, 114, 254-280. https://doi.org /10.1016 /j. techfore.2016.08.019
Galaske, N., Arndt, A., Friedrich, H., Bettenhausen, K. D., & Anderl, R. (2018). Workforce management 4.0-assessment of human factors readiness towards digital manufacturing. In Advances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing: Managing the Enterprise of the Future: Proceedings of the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing, July 17-21, 2017, The Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA 8 (pp. 106-115). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60474-9_10
Garay-Rondero, C. L., Martinez-Flores, J. L., Smith, N. R., Morales, S. O. C., & Aldrette-Malacara, A. (2020). Digital supply chain model in Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(5), 887-933. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-08-2018-0280
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968). The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative research. Nursing research, 17(4), and 364. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206
Hecklau, F., Galeitzke, M., Flachs, S., & Kohl, H. (2016). Holistic approach for human resource management in Industry 4.0. Procedia Cirp, 54, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir .2016.05.102
Hecklau, F., Orth, R., Kidschun, F., & Kohl, H. (2017, December). Human resources management: Meta-study-analysis of future competences in Industry 4.0. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management & Organizational Learning (pp. 163-174).
Hermann, M., Pentek, T., & Otto, B. (2016, January). Design principles for industrie 4.0 scenarios. In 2016 49th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (HICSS) (pp. 3928-3937). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2016.488
James, A. T., Kumar, G., Tayal, P., Chauhan, A., Wadhawa, C., & Panchal, J. (2022). Analysis of human resource management challenges in implementation of industry 4.0 in Indian automobile industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 121483. https://doi. org/10.1016/j. techfore.2022.121483
Jerman, A., Bertoncelj, A., Dominici, G., Bach, M. P., & Trnavcevic, A. (2020). Conceptual key competency model for smart factories in production processes. Organizacija, 53(1), 68-79.
Kagermann, H. et al. Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2020-0005
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: an introduction to qualitive research interviewing. Sage.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
Maisiri, W., Darwish, H., & Van Dyk, L. (2019). An investigation of industry 4.0 skills requirements. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 30(3), 90-105. DOI: 10.7166/30-3-2230
Marcon, E., Soliman, M., Gerstlberger, W., & Frank, A. G. (2022). Sociotechnical factors and Industry 4.0: an integrative perspective for the adoption of smart manufacturing technologies. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(2), 259-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2021-0017
Metallo, C., Agrifoglio, R., Schiavone, F., & Mueller, J. (2018). Understanding business model in the Internet of Things industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 298-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.01.020
Mourtzis, D. (2018). Development of skills and competences in manufacturing towards education 4.0: A teaching factory approach. In Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on the Industry 4.0 Model for Advanced Manufacturing: AMP 2018 3 (pp. 194-210). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89563-5_15
Neumann, W. P., Winkelhaus, S., Grosse, E. H., & Glock, C. H. (2021). Industry 4.0 and the human factor-A systems framework and analysis methodology for successful development. International journal of production economics, 233, 107992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107992
Nunes, M. L., Pereira, A. C., & Alves, A. C. (2017). Smart products development approaches for Industry 4.0. Procedia manufacturing, 13, 1215-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.035
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons.
Pejic-Bach, M., Bertoncel, T., Mesko, M., & Krstic, Z. (2020). Text mining of industry 4.0 job advertisements. International journal of information management, 50, 416-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.07.014
Pena-Jimenez, M., Battistelli, A., Odoardi, C., & Antino, M. (2021). Exploring skill requirements for the Industry 4.0: A worker-oriented approach. Anales de Psicología. 37. 577-588. 10.6018/analesps.444311. DOI: 10.6018/analesps.444311
Pereira, A. C., & Romero, F. (2017). A review of the meanings and the implications of the Industry 4.0 concept. Procedia manufacturing, 13, 1206-1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.032
Pinzone, M., Fantini, P., Perini, S., Garavaglia, S., Taisch, M., & Miragliotta, G. (2017). Jobs and skills in Industry 4.0: an exploratory research. In Advances in Production Management Systems. The Path to Intelligent, Collaborative and Sustainable Manufacturing: IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2017, Hamburg, Germany, September 3-7, 2017, Proceedings, Part I (pp. 282-288). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66923-6_33
Posada, J., Toro, C., Barandiaran, I., Oyarzun, D., Stricker, D., De Amicis, R, & Vallarino, I. (2015). Visual computing as a key enabling technology for industrie 4.0 and industrial internet. IEEE computer graphics and applications, 35(2), 26-40. DOI: 10.1109/MCG.2015.45
Prifti, L., Knigge, M., Kienegger, H., & Krcmar, H. (2017). A competency model for "Industrie 4.0" employees. Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2017), St. Gallen, S. 46-60
Radziwon, A., Bilberg, A., Bogers, M., & Madsen, E. S. (2014). The smart factory: exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions. Procedia engineering, 69, 1184-1190.
Roblek, V., Mesko, M., & Krapez, A. (2016). A complex view of industry 4.0. Sage open, 6(2), 2158244016653987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.03.108
Rubmann, M., Lorenz, M., Gerbert, P., Waldner, M., Justus, J., Engel, P., & Harnisch, M. (2015). Industry 4.0: The future of productivity and growth in manufacturing industries. Boston consulting group, 9(1), 54-89.
Saucedo-Martinez, J. A., Perez-Lara, M., Marmolejo-Saucedo, J. A., Salais-Fierro, T. E., & Vasant, P. (2018). Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: a review. Journal of ambient intelligence and humanized computing, 9, 789-801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s 12652 -017-0533-1
Srivastava, Y., Ganguli, S., Suman Rajest, S., & Regin, R. (2022). Smart HR Competencies and Their Applications in Industry 4.0. A Fusion of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things for Emerging Cyber Systems, 293-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76653-5_16
Vaidya, S., Ambad, P., & Bhosle, S. (2018). Industry 4.0–a glimpse. Procedia manufacturing, 20, 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.034
Vrchota, J., Marikova, M., Rehor, P., Rolinek, L., & Tousek, R. (2019). Human resources readiness for industry 4.0. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6010003
Wan, J., Cai, H., & Zhou, K. (2015, January). Industrie 4.0: enabling technologies. In Proceedings of 2015 international conference on intelligent computing and internet of things (pp. 135-140). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/ICAIOT.2015.7111555