Designing a Human Resource Management Model for Startup Companies

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Full professor at the Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Iran

2 Full professor at the Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Iran

3 Full professor at the Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Iran

4 PhD in Human Resource Management, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The main reason underlying attention to startup companies is due to their positive impact on economic indicators and their role in increasing employment rates in different communities. However, the great problem confronting this business field ​​ relates to the high failure rate. The absence of proper management of human resource is one of the main causes of this failure. Therefore, the question is “How can an appropriate model of human resource management be achieved for such companies?” To find an answer, a developmental research was designed through a qualitative approach using the grounded theory. Data collected by in-depth interviews with 22 academic experts and senior executives of start-up companies, selected on the basis of purposeful sampling method through theoretical saturation, were analyzed by MAXQDA 2018 based on Carbin and Strauss systematic method and were coded. 1273 primary codes were identified in the open coding stage, from which 188 unique codes, with different frequencies, were obtained after screening and merging similar codes. They were finally classified into 55 subcategories and the final model was designed by formulating the relationships between the components. The findings indicated that carrying out human resource management model specific to startups, maximizes their growth rate and enhances interactive characteristics of the employees and creates a great competitive advantage for them in the startup ecosystem

Keywords

References

احمدپور داریانی، محمود (1396)، شناسایی عوامل موفقیت مدیریت منابع انسانی در کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط، نشریه توسعه کارآفرینی، دوره 10، ش 1: 20 ـ 1 .
باتمانی، محمدامین؛ باباشاهی، جبار و یزدانی، حمیدرضا (1398)، فهم حرفه‌ای‌سازی حوزه‌ مدیریت منابع انسانی، فصلنامه پژوهش‌های مدیریت منابع انسانی، دوره 11، ش 2: 28 ـ 1.
پید، مایکل (1396)، ابزارهای تفکر؛ مدل‌سازی در علم مدیریت، ترجمه محمدرضا مهرگان، محمدرضا اخوان و کامیار رئیسی‌فر، تهران: مهربان.
حسنی صدرآبادی، جلال (1396)، کارآفرینی و اثربخشی مدیریت منابع انسانی، فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت و حسابداری، دوره 3، ش 1: 100 ـ 93 .
حسینی، ابوالحسن؛ تبسمی، امیر و دادفر، زهرا (1396)، بررسی تأثیر کارکردهای مدیریت منابع انسانی بر عملکرد سازمانی، فصلنامه چشم‌انداز مدیریت دولتی، ش29: 155 ـ 171.
دیانتی، ربابه و زارع زیدی، علی‌رضا (1396)، نقش مدیریت منابع انسانی در تقویت کارآفرینی سازمانی، نشریه مطالعات کاربردی درعلوم مدیریت و توسعه، 4: 1 ـ 12.
سیدجوادین، سیدرضا (1395)، مبانی و کاربردهای مدیریت منابع انسانی و امورکارکنان، تهران: نگاه دانش.
سیدجوادین، سیدرضا (1396)، مبانی مدیریت منابع انسانی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
شرفی، وحید؛ ملکی مین‌باش رزگاه، مرتضی؛ زارعی، عظیم و فیض، داود (1396)، نقش کارکردهای مدیریت منابع‌انسانی بر اکوسیستم بازاریابی بین‌المللی، فصلنامه پژوهش‌های مدیریت منابع انسانی، دوره 9، ش 3: 148 ـ 125.
طبرسا، غلامعلی؛ یداللهی فارسی، جهانگیر و نائیجی، محمد (1392)، الگوی کارآفرینی راهبردی با رویکرد مدیریت منابع انسانی: نقش واسطه‌ای تبادل دانش، نشریه چشم‌انداز مدیریت بازرگانی، ش 15: 165 ـ 180.
قلی‌پور، آرین (1396)، مدیریت منابع انسانی(مفاهیم، تئوری‌ها و کاربردها)، تهران: سمت.
کاندولا، سرینی واس‌آر (1395)، مدیریت منابع انسانی در عمل: به همراه 150 مدل، تکنیک و ابزار، ترجمه سیدرضا سیدجوادین و بهروز پورولی، تهران: نگاه دانش.
مختاریان‌ دهکردی، شهرام (1397)، بررسی نقش مدیریت راهبردی منابع‌انسانی در کارآفرینی شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان (نوپا)، یازدهمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی حسابداری و مدیریت و هفتمین کنفرانس کارآفرینی و نوآوری‌های باز، تهران: دانشگاه پیام‌نور.
ناصحی‌فر، وحید؛ امیری، مقصود و مبارک‌آبادی، هوشنگ (1397)، مؤلفه‌های توسعه منابع انسانی سازمان‌های کوچک و متوسط برای دستیابی به عملکرد بهتر، فصلنامه پژوهش‌های مدیریت منابع انسانی، دوره 10، ش 3: 25 ـ 46.
یعقوبی، نورمحمد؛ دهقانی، مسعود و امیدوار، ملیحه (1397)، استقرار مدیریت منابع انسانی سبز در اکوسیستم کارآفرینی، نشریه پژوهش‌های مدیریت منابع سازمانی، دوره 8، ش 4: 131 ـ 149.
 
Amolo, J., & Migiro, S. O. (2015). An entrepreneurial flair development: the role of an ecosystem. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 13, 494-505.
Authors Council. (2018, 2 2). CB Insights. Retrieved from The Top 20 Reasons Startups Fail: https://www.cbinsights.com/research/startup-failure-reasons-top/
Authors Council. (2018). Top 5 HR Compliance Concerns for Startups. San Francisco: TriNet.
Barney, J. B., & Wright, P. M. (1997). On Becoming a Strategic Partner: The Role of Human Resources in Gaining Competitive Advantage. Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, 1-25.
Boxall, P. (2018). The development of strategic HRM: reflections on a 30-year journey. Labour And Industry, 28, 21-30.
Brand, M. J., Croonen, E. P., & Leenders, R. T. (2017). Entrepreneurial networking: a blessing or a curse? Differential effects for low, medium and high performing franchisees. Small Business Economics, 50, 783-805.
Čalopa, M. K., & Horvat, J. (2014). Analysis Of Financing Sources For Start-Up Companies. Journal of Management,19(2), 19-44.
Cardon, M. S., & Stevens, C. E. (2004). Managing human resources in small organizations: What do we know? Human Resource Management Review, 14, 295–323.
Cheng, Y. (2016). Research on the Innovation Model and Application of Human Resource Management Based on Big Data. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 92, 365-369.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (4 ed.). London: SAGE.
Devaney, T., & Stein, T. (2017). The Talent Wars: Today’s Toughest Startup Challenge. San Francisco: Trinet.
Dew, N., & Read, S. (2008). Outlines of a behavioral theory of the entrepreneurial firm. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 66, 37-59.
Dilger, R. J. (2018). SBA Assistance to Small Business Startups: Client Experiences and Program Impact. Washington: Congressional Research Service.
Dwivedi, G., & Singh, P. (2017). Entrepreneurship And HR Intervention. International conference on innovative research in science ,technology and management. New Delhi.
Failla, V., & Melillo, F. (2017). Entrepreneurship and employment stability — Job matching, labour market value, and personal commitment. Journal of Business Venturing, 32, 162-177.
Fields, D., & Blum, T. C. (2006). Human resource management strategies under uncertainty. Cross Cultural Management: 13, 171-186.
Guzman, J., & Stern, S. (2016). The State Of American Entrepreneurship: New Estimates Of The Quantity And Quality Of Entrepreneurship For 15 Us States, 1988-2014. Cambridge: National Bureau Of Economic Research.
Hendry, C., & Pettigrew, A. (1990). Human resource management: an agenda for the 1990s. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1, 17-43.
Hinteregger, C. (2017). Integrating organisational culture and human resource management in the context of corporate entrepreneurship. International Journal of Business Environment, 9, 152-181.
Horowitz, B. (2014). The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers. New York: HarperCollins.
Howell, S. T. (2017). Financing Innovation: Evidence from R&D Grants. American Economic Review, 107, 1136-1164.
Jain, S. (2016). Growth of startup ecosystems in India. International Journal of Applied Research, 2, 152-154.
Kaur, A. (2018). A study of role and challenges faced by HR in startups. International Journal for Emerging Research & Development,1(1), 45-49.
Kim, J. D. (2018). Is there a startup wage premium? Evidance MIT graduates. research policy, 47, 637-649.
Kishore, K., & Majumdar, M. (2012). Innovative HR Strategies for SMEs. Journal of Business and Management, 1-8.
Kok, J. M., & Uhlaner, L. M. (2003). Human Resource Management With Small Firms; Facts And Explanations. Rotterdam: Business and Policy Research(EIM).
Krishnan, T., & Scullionb, H. (2017). Talent management and dynamic view of talent in small and medium enterprises. Human Resource Management Review, 431-441.
Leung, A., & Zhang, J. (2006). The Use Of Networks In Human Resource Acquisition For Entrepreneurial Firms: Multiple "Fit" Considerations. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 664 – 686.
Nascimento, C. (2017). What is the role of Human Resource Management in growing start-ups?, Paris: ESCP Europe business school.
Østergaard, A. (2018). Human capital in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 371-390.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1994). Strategy as a field of study: Why search for a new paradigm?, Strategic Management Journal, 15, 5-16.
Ram, M., Edwards, P., & Jones, T. (2019). The Roots of Informal Responses to Regulatory Change: Non-compliant Small Firms and the National Living Wage. British Journal of Management, 1–16.
Ries, E. (2011). The Lean Startup. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
Roach, M., & Sauermann, H. (2015). Founder or Joiner? The Role of Preferences and Context in Shaping Different Entrepreneurial Interests. Management Science, 2160-2184.
Robehmed, N. (2013, 12 16). What is a startup? Retrieved from forbes.
Rojanapuwadol, S. (2012). Development of HRM Practices in SMEs: A Case Study from the Founders and CEOs’ Point of Views. Gothenburg, Sweden: Gothenburg University.
Salamzadeh, A., & Kawamorita Kesim, H. (2017). The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 456-479.
Spigel, B. (2015). The Relational Organization of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41, 49-72.
Sujlana, P., & Mathew, J. (2013). The Survival, Sustenance and Success of Technology Start-Ups: The Role of Human Resource Planning and Policy Development. Global Management Journal, 5(1/2), 53-59.
Swedberg, R. (2007). Rebuilding Schumpeter’s Theory of Entrepreneurship. Conference on Marshall, Schumpeter and Social Science (pp. 1-28). Tokyo: Hitotsubashi University.
Thiel, P., & Masters, B. (2014). Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future. New York: Crown Business.
Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2013). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. Chichester: Wiley.
Wagar, T. H., & Rondeau, K. V. (2006). Retaining employees in small and medium-sized firms: examining the link with human resource management. The Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 11, 3-16.
Wright, P. M., & Dyer, L. (2000, 11 29). People in the E-Business: New Challenges, New Solutions. Retrieved from DigitalCommons: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c90a/2bc71cf14bbee8ea2135141037c32c4d3d28.pdf
Wright, P. M., & Bhattacharya, M. (2005). Managing Human Assets in an Uncertain World: Applying Real Options Theory to HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(6), 929–948.
Yang, M. (2016). Leadership in Startups: A Penniless Approach. Carolina: Lund University.
 
Journal of Research in Human Resources Management
Volume 13, Issue 1 - Serial Number 43
NO 43, Spring Quarterly
May 2021
Pages 131-170

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 07 May 2019
  • Revise Date: 27 February 2020
  • Accept Date: 24 June 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics